1970s stagflation
Gold ~+2,300% over the decade
Persistent inflation + loss of confidence = gold's golden era.
Gulf War 1990
+7.5% in 6 months
Wars in oil regions reliably move gold.
9/11 / 2001
+5.9% in 1 month
Crisis flight to safety is fast and binary.
2008–2011 bull
+170% over 3 years
QE and real-yield crush created the post-crisis bull.
Russia invasion 2022
+8.2% in 1 month, then the regime change
The reserve-freeze rewrote the central bank playbook.